妊娠において一番気になるのは
ワクチンによる子供への影響だと思います。
それが最も高い関心であることには間違いありません。
そしてワクチンの効力と妊娠女性自身の副作用だと思います。
アメリカのCDCがスマートフォンベースで
妊娠女性に対して自発的なプログラムとして
2020年12月14日から2021年2月28日まで調査を行ってきました。
接種されたワクチンは
mRNAワクチン(ファイザー/ビオンテックもしくはモデルナ)です。
ー
Ref.(1)Table.4に子供への影響が記されています。
20週以内の自発流産は12.6%(104/827人)でした。
通常が10~26%です(2-4)。
20週以上の死産は0.1%(1/725人)でした。
通常が1%未満となっています(5-7)。
37週以内の早産は9.4%(60/636人)でした。
通常が8~15%です(8,9)。
在胎週数に対して胎児が小さい
(Small size for gestational age)
これが3.2%(23/724人)でした。
通常が3.5%です(10,11)。
先天性異常が2.2%(16/724人)でした。
通常が3%です(12)。
新生児死亡が0%(0/724人)でした。
通常が1%以下です(13)。
ー
Ref.(1) Figure.1に軽度な副作用が妊娠有無で比較されています。
接種部の痛みは妊娠女性が多いですが、
頭痛、筋肉痛、悪寒、発熱
これらにおいては妊娠女性が統計的に
割合が少し低くなっています。
倦怠感についてはほぼ同程度です、
ー
他の報告では最後の3か月にワクチン接種によって
作られた抗体、もしくは免疫機能が
ある程度、新生児を新型コロナウィルスから
守るということが報告されています(14-17)。
ー
アメリカ合衆国のCDCとFDAは
引き続き妊娠女性に対するワクチンの安全性について
モニターしていくとされています。
(Reference)
(1)
Tom T. Shimabukuro, M.D., Shin Y. Kim, M.P.H., Tanya R. Myers, Ph.D., Pedro L. Moro, M.D., Titilope Oduyebo, M.D., Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, M.D., Paige L. Marquez, M.S.P.H., Christine K. Olson, M.D., Ruiling Liu, Ph.D., Karen T. Chang, Ph.D., Sascha R. Ellington, Ph.D., Veronica K. Burkel, M.P.H., Ashley N. Smoots, M.P.H., Caitlin J. Green, M.P.H., Charles Licata, Ph.D., Bicheng C. Zhang, M.S., Meghna Alimchandani, M.D., Adamma Mba-Jonas, M.D., Stacey W. Martin, M.S., Julianne M. Gee, M.P.H., and Dana M. Meaney-Delman, M.D. for the CDC v-safe COVID-19 Pregnancy Registry Team
Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons
The New England Journal of Medicine April 21, 2021
ー
Division of Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC;
Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC;
Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC;
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC;
Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC;
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC;
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC;
Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC;
Office of the Director, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious
Diseases, CDC;
Office of the Chief Operating Officer, Office of the Director, CDC;
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC;
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC;
Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, CDC;
Division of Performance Improvement and Field Services, Center for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, CDC;
Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC;
Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC;
Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC;
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC;
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention;
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC;
Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC;
Division of Parasitic Disease Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC
ー
(2)
Dugas C, Slane VH. Miscarriage.
In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2021 (https://www . ncbi . nlm . nih . gov/ books/ NBK532992/ ).
(3)
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Obstet Gynecol 2018; 132(5): e197-e207.
(4)
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Natl Vital Stat Rep 2020; 69(4): 1-20.
(6)
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(7)
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(9)
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(14)
Rottenstreich A, Zarbiv G, Oiknine-Djian E, Zigron R, Wolf DG, Porat S.
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(https://www . medrxiv . org/ content/ 10 . 1101/ 2021 . 03 . 11 . 21253352v1). preprint.
(15)
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