デルタ株に対するmRNAワクチンの中和能

 (Accelerated share with you)
インドで広がりを見せている変異系統の
感染能力が高いことが懸念されています。
ワクチンの1回目の接種が75%の人で終了しているイギリスで
最近、感染者数が伸びているのは
インドで広がりを見せている変異系統によるものではないか
と推定されています。
しかし、今までと異なるのは、
すでにワクチン接種によって細胞性免疫も含めた(2)、
免疫が構築されている事です。
これによって、今までよりもウィルスが広がる事が難しいだけではなく
ブレークスルー感染したとしても
症状が軽くなることが期待されます(3)。
しかしながら、mRNAワクチンのウィルス系統に対する中和能力は
ワクチンの性能を決める一つの主要な要因です。
ゆえに、WHOが一つの大分類として定義する
インドで広がりを見せている変異系統に対する
現状で世界的に生産、接種が進められているワクチンの
中和能力の評価は極めて重要です。
ー
Jianying Liu, Yang Liu(敬称略)ら
アメリカとドイツの医療研究グループは
ファイザー/ビオンテック社によるmRNAワクチン(BNT162b2)に対する
インド、ナイジェリアで広がっている4つの変異系統
B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.618 (all first identified in India) 
B.1.525 (first identified in Nigeria)
これらに対するワクチンの中和能力の評価を行い、
迅速な手続きで簡潔な報告をNature誌より発表されています(1)。
本日は、重要な結果の共有を読者の方と図りたいと考えます。
ー
(各系統の変異箇所)
B.1.525-spike
Q52R, A67V, Δ69/70, Δ145, E484K, D614G, Q677H, F888L
-
B.1.617.1-spike
G142D, E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H, H1101D
-
B.1.617.2-spike
T19R, G142D, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N
-
B.1.617.v2-spike
T19R, G142D, E156G+Δ157-158, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N
-
B.1.618-spike
H49Y, Δ145-146, E484K, D614G
-
※
感染力を上げる(可能性がある)変異
D614G, L452R, P681R
B.1.617はすべてこれらの変異が組み合わせで入っている。
免疫逃避のある変異
E484Q
B.1.617.1に入っている
ー
(ワクチンの中和能力の評価)
ワクチン接種した人の(2回目接種後：2~4週間後)の血液により評価。
中和能力
B.1.525-spike:320
B.1.617.1-spike:157
B.1.617.2-spike:355
B.1.617.v2-spike:343
B.1.618-spike:331
(Ref)USA-WA1/2020:502
※
中和能力は低下がみられるが劇的ではない。
ー

(Reference)
(1)
Jianying Liu, Yang Liu, Hongjie Xia, Jing Zou, Scott C. Weaver, Kena A. Swanson, Hui Cai, Mark Cutler, David Cooper, Alexander Muik, Kathrin U. Jansen, Ugur Sahin, Xuping Xie, Philip R. Dormitzer & Pei-Yong Shi 
BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants
Nature (2021)
ー
Author information
Author notes
These authors contributed equally: Jianying Liu, Yang Liu
Affiliations
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Jianying Liu & Scott C. Weaver
Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Jianying Liu, Scott C. Weaver & Pei-Yong Shi
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Yang Liu, Hongjie Xia, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie & Pei-Yong Shi
Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Scott C. Weaver & Pei-Yong Shi
Center for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Scott C. Weaver & Pei-Yong Shi
Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Scott C. Weaver & Pei-Yong Shi
Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, NY, USA
Kena A. Swanson, Hui Cai, Mark Cutler, David Cooper, Kathrin U. Jansen & Philip R. Dormitzer
BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
Alexander Muik & Ugur Sahin
ー
(2)
Galit Alter, Jingyou Yu, Jinyan Liu, Abishek Chandrashekar, Erica N. Borducchi, Lisa H. Tostanoski, Katherine McMahan, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, David R. Martinez, Aiquan Chang, Tochi Anioke, Michelle Lifton, Joseph Nkolola, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Caroline Atyeo, Sally Shin, Paul Fields, Ian Kaplan, Harlan Robins, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Ralph S. Baric, Mathieu Le Gars, Jerald Sadoff, Anne Marit de Groot, Dirk Heerwegh, Frank Struyf, Macaya Douoguih, Johan van Hoof, Hanneke Schuitemaker & Dan H. Barouch 
Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans
Nature (2021)
ー
Author information
Author notes
These authors contributed equally: Galit Alter, Jingyou Yu, Jinyan Liu, Abishek Chandrashekar, Erica N. Borducchi, Lisa H. Tostanoski, Katherine McMahan, Catherine Jacob-Dolan
Affiliations
Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Galit Alter, Jingyou Yu, Jinyan Liu, Abishek Chandrashekar, Erica N. Borducchi, Lisa H. Tostanoski, Katherine McMahan, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Aiquan Chang, Tochi Anioke, Michelle Lifton, Joseph Nkolola, Kathryn E. Stephenson & Dan H. Barouch
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
Galit Alter, Caroline Atyeo, Sally Shin & Dan H. Barouch
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Aiquan Chang, Caroline Atyeo & Dan H. Barouch
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
David R. Martinez & Ralph S. Baric
Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA
Paul Fields, Ian Kaplan & Harlan Robins
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Fatima Amanat & Florian Krammer
Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
Mathieu Le Gars, Jerald Sadoff, Anne Marit de Groot, Macaya Douoguih, Johan van Hoof & Hanneke Schuitemaker
Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
Dirk Heerwegh & Frank Struyf
ー
(3)
Emma Pritchard, Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, David W. Eyre, Owen Gethings, Karina-Doris Vihta, Joel Jones, Thomas House, Harper VanSteenHouse, Iain Bell, John I. Bell, John N. Newton, Jeremy Farrar, Ian Diamond, Emma Rourke, Ruth Studley, Derrick Crook, Tim E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker & Koen B. Pouwels 
Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom
Nature Medicine (2021)
ー
Author information
Author notes
These authors contributed equally: A. Sarah Walker, Koen B. Pouwels.
Affiliations
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Emma Pritchard, Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, Karina-Doris Vihta, Derrick Crook, Tim E. A. Peto & A. Sarah Walker
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Emma Pritchard, Nicole Stoesser, David W. Eyre, Karina-Doris Vihta, Derrick Crook, Tim E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker & Koen B. Pouwels
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, David W. Eyre, Derrick Crook, Tim E. A. Peto & A. Sarah Walker
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, David W. Eyre, Derrick Crook & Tim E. A. Peto
Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
David W. Eyre & Koen B. Pouwels
Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
Owen Gethings, Joel Jones, Iain Bell, Ian Diamond, Emma Rourke & Ruth Studley
Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Thomas House
IBM Research, Hartree Centre, Daresbury, UK
Thomas House
Glasgow Lighthouse Laboratory, Glasgow, UK
Harper VanSteenHouse
BioClavis, Glasgow, UK
Harper VanSteenHouse
Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
John I. Bell
Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
John N. Newton
Wellcome Trust, London, UK
Jeremy Farrar
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, UK
A. Sarah Walker
Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Koen B. Pouwels
ー