ファイザーワクチンの細胞種特異的免疫反応

新型コロナウィルスのワクチンの治験では
免疫不全のある人を対象から外すことが通例です。
なぜならワクチンによる抗体の産生能力が
そうではない人よりも顕著に落ちているからです。
それは、白血病などの血液性の癌患者でも同様です。
抗体を産生するためのB細胞の機能が悪くなっているため
新型コロナウィルスに感染した時の
抗体の産生能力に歪みが出ています(2)。
しかし、それを補う機能として
抗体産生に関わる液性免疫の他に
ヘルバーT細胞、キラーT細胞のような細胞性免疫があります。
CD8+T細胞の量が多いと、B細胞の機能に異常があっても
新型コロナウィルスに罹患した時に
死亡する割合は低いという事が示されています(2)。
(See Fig.4h)
従って、細胞性免疫の機能は
新型コロナウィルスに対するワクチン接種後の
免疫応答として注目されています(1)。
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Ugur Sahin, Alexander Muik, Isabel Vogler(敬称略)ら
ドイツとアメリカの医療研究グループは
ファイザー/ビオンテック社のmRNAワクチン(BNT162b2) 
これにおいて、新型コロナウィルスのエピトープ特異的な
T細胞の生成がワクチン接種によって促されたことを
確認されています(1)。
細胞性免疫に関わるIL-2極性を持つ
新型コロナウィルスSタンパク質多形特異的(poly-specific)な
細胞の生成が健常者37人において
ワクチン接種後、85日まで確認されています(1)。
(See Fig.3b, Fig.4a)
CD4+T細胞においては主に細胞傷害性のTH1型極性を示しています(1)。

(Reference)
(1)
Ugur Sahin, Alexander Muik, Isabel Vogler, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Lena M. Kranz, Mathias Vormehr, Jasmin Quandt, Nicole Bidmon, Alexander Ulges, Alina Baum, Kristen E. Pascal, Daniel Maurus, Sebastian Brachtendorf, Verena Lörks, Julian Sikorski, Peter Koch, Rolf Hilker, Dirk Becker, Ann-Kathrin Eller, Jan Grützner, Manuel Tonigold, Carsten Boesler, Corinna Rosenbaum, Ludwig Heesen, Marie-Cristine Kühnle, Asaf Poran, Jesse Z. Dong, Ulrich Luxemburger, Alexandra Kemmer-Brück, David Langer, Martin Bexon, Stefanie Bolte, Tania Palanche, Armin Schultz, Sybille Baumann, Azita J. Mahiny, Gábor Boros, Jonas Reinholz, Gábor T. Szabó, Katalin Karikó, Pei-Yong Shi, Camila Fontes-Garfias, John L. Perez, Mark Cutler, David Cooper, Christos A. Kyratsous, Philip R. Dormitzer, Kathrin U. Jansen & Özlem Türeci 
BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific T cells in humans
Nature (2021)
ー
Author information
Affiliations
BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
Ugur Sahin, Alexander Muik, Isabel Vogler, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Lena M. Kranz, Mathias Vormehr, Jasmin Quandt, Nicole Bidmon, Alexander Ulges, Daniel Maurus, Sebastian Brachtendorf, Verena Lörks, Julian Sikorski, Peter Koch, Rolf Hilker, Dirk Becker, Ann-Kathrin Eller, Jan Grützner, Manuel Tonigold, Carsten Boesler, Corinna Rosenbaum, Ludwig Heesen, Marie-Cristine Kühnle, Ulrich Luxemburger, Alexandra Kemmer-Brück, David Langer, Stefanie Bolte, Tania Palanche, Azita J. Mahiny, Gábor Boros, Jonas Reinholz, Gábor T. Szabó, Katalin Karikó & Özlem Türeci
TRON gGmbH – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
Ugur Sahin
BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Suite 110, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
Asaf Poran & Jesse Z. Dong
Pfizer, 401 N Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY, 10960, USA
John L. Perez, Mark Cutler, David Cooper, Philip R. Dormitzer & Kathrin U. Jansen
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
Alina Baum, Kristen E. Pascal & Christos A. Kyratsous
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
Pei-Yong Shi & Camila Fontes-Garfias
CRS Clinical Research Services Mannheim GmbH, Grenadierstrasse 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
Armin Schultz
CRS Clinical Research Services Berlin GmbH, Sellerstraße 31, Gebäude P300, 13353, Berlin, Germany
Sybille Baumann
Bexon Clinical Consulting LLC, Upper Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
Martin Bexon
ー
(2)
Erin M. Bange, Nicholas A. Han, Paul Wileyto, Justin Y. Kim, Sigrid Gouma, James Robinson, Allison R. Greenplate, Madeline A. Hwee, Florence Porterfield, Olutosin Owoyemi, Karan Naik, Cathy Zheng, Michael Galantino, Ariel R. Weisman, Caroline A. G. Ittner, Emily M. Kugler, Amy E. Baxter, Olutwatosin Oniyide, Roseline S. Agyekum, Thomas G. Dunn, Tiffanie K. Jones, Heather M. Giannini, Madison E. Weirick, Christopher M. McAllister, N. Esther Babady, Anita Kumar, Adam J. Widman, Susan DeWolf, Sawsan R. Boutemine, Charlotte Roberts, Krista R. Budzik, Susan Tollett, Carla Wright, Tara Perloff, Lova Sun, Divij Mathew, Josephine R. Giles, Derek A. Oldridge, Jennifer E. Wu, Cécile Alanio, Sharon Adamski, Alfred L. Garfall, Laura A. Vella, Samuel J. Kerr, Justine V. Cohen, Randall A. Oyer, Ryan Massa, Ivan P. Maillard, Kara N. Maxwell, John P. Reilly, Peter G. Maslak, Robert H. Vonderheide, Jedd D. Wolchok, Scott E. Hensley, E. John Wherry, Nuala J. Meyer, Angela M. DeMichele, Santosha A. Vardhana, Ronac Mamtani & Alexander C. Huang 
CD8+ T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer
Nature Medicine (2021)
ー
Author information
Author notes
These authors contributed equally: Erin M. Bange, Nicholas A. Han.
These authors jointly supervised this work: Santosha A. Vardhana, Ronac Mamtani, Alexander C. Huang.
Affiliations
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Erin M. Bange, Nicholas A. Han, Justin Y. Kim, Florence Porterfield, Olutosin Owoyemi, Karan Naik, Emily M. Kugler, Lova Sun, Alfred L. Garfall, Ryan Massa, Ivan P. Maillard, Kara N. Maxwell, Angela M. DeMichele, Ronac Mamtani & Alexander C. Huang
Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Erin M. Bange, Paul Wileyto, James Robinson, Cathy Zheng, Michael Galantino, Charlotte Roberts, Krista R. Budzik, Susan Tollett, Carla Wright, Tara Perloff, Lova Sun, Alfred L. Garfall, Samuel J. Kerr, Justine V. Cohen, Randall A. Oyer, Ryan Massa, Ivan P. Maillard, Kara N. Maxwell, Robert H. Vonderheide, Angela M. DeMichele, Ronac Mamtani & Alexander C. Huang
Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Nicholas A. Han, Justin Y. Kim, Allison R. Greenplate, Amy E. Baxter, Divij Mathew, Josephine R. Giles, Derek A. Oldridge, Jennifer E. Wu, Cécile Alanio, Sharon Adamski, Robert H. Vonderheide, Scott E. Hensley, E. John Wherry, Nuala J. Meyer & Alexander C. Huang
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Paul Wileyto
Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Sigrid Gouma, Madison E. Weirick, Christopher M. McAllister & Scott E. Hensley
Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Allison R. Greenplate, Amy E. Baxter, Divij Mathew, Josephine R. Giles, Jennifer E. Wu, Cécile Alanio, Sharon Adamski & E. John Wherry
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Madeline A. Hwee, Jedd D. Wolchok & Santosha A. Vardhana
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Ariel R. Weisman, Caroline A. G. Ittner, Heather M. Giannini, John P. Reilly & Nuala J. Meyer
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Olutwatosin Oniyide, Roseline S. Agyekum, Thomas G. Dunn & Tiffanie K. Jones
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
N. Esther Babady, Anita Kumar, Adam J. Widman, Susan DeWolf, Sawsan R. Boutemine, Peter G. Maslak, Jedd D. Wolchok & Santosha A. Vardhana
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
N. Esther Babady & Peter G. Maslak
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, NY, USA
Tara Perloff & Justine V. Cohen
Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Josephine R. Giles, Jennifer E. Wu, Cécile Alanio, Robert H. Vonderheide, Jedd D. Wolchok, E. John Wherry, Santosha A. Vardhana & Alexander C. Huang
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Derek A. Oldridge
Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Laura A. Vella
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lancaster General Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Samuel J. Kerr & Randall A. Oyer
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Ryan Massa
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